In 2009 Ursula Burns was named CEO of Xerox, becoming the first Black woman to head a Fortune 500 company. It was the culmination of an amazing life journey, from a Manhattan tenement to the C-suite of one of America’s most iconic companies. She led Xerox for seven years, stepping down in 2016 after a bruising battle with the activist investor Carl Icahn, which led to the company’s breakup. Burns subsequently served as CEO of the global telecommunications firm Veon and still sits on several major corporate boards. She is an outspoken champion of inclusive capitalism and racial equity, themes that animate her just-published memoir, Where You Are Is Not Who You Are. She recently spoke from her home in London with HBR editor in chief Adi Ignatius. Here are excerpts from the conversation.

A version of this article appeared in the July–August 2021 issue of Harvard Business Review.